高考英语语法考点突破:一般时态的用法
<div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a7ac41139854b58816f37f7780f3d37~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&x-expires=1664486594&x-signature=OF72Lx8UQesSlkwbBc3JUZWK9LE%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">一般时态</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(一)一般现在时</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">1.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(陕西卷)On Monday mornings it usually </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">takes</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时,虽然实际距离只有20英里。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">2.按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作,用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">The shop </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">closes</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> at 11:00 p.m.every day.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">这家商店每天晚上11点关门。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">3.如果主句用一般将来时,那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(江苏卷)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">quits</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> than when he started.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">■名师点津</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">动词第三人称的构成</span></p>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/73e307f75b8f45c7bd1cf4bb1a9be52b~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&x-expires=1664486594&x-signature=8CNELVhWoqX62EhpUSh%2BEd9ozeU%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(二)一般过去时</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">1.表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(2019·江苏卷) A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr.Smith </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">fell</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> in love with the people and culture there. 史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">2. 有些句子,虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语,但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态,也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect, want等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(全国卷Ⅰ)Edward, you play so well.But I </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">didn’t know</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> you played the piano.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">爱德华,你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">■名师点津</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">动词过去式的构成</span></p>
<div style="text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fcfbef50cfee47ba9eaddbe2c8c48b29~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&x-expires=1664486594&x-signature=TPNZFNKp12hL92d%2BYno%2BgnsrJTs%3D" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(三)一般将来时</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">1.“shall/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in+一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称,will通常用于各种人称。“will+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">will be rewarded</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> with success in the end. 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课,他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(北京卷)—What time is it? ——几点了?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">—I have no idea.But just a minute, I </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">will check</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> it for you. ——我不知道。但是请稍等,我给您查查。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">2.“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(陕西卷)Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">is going to visit</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> Beijing this summer. 史密斯博士将在今年夏天与他的妻子和女儿们一起游览北京。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">Look, dark clouds are gathering.It </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">is going to rain</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> soon, I think. 瞧,乌云正在聚集,我想快要下雨了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">3.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作;也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">You </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">are to hand</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> in your papers by 10 o’clock.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">到10点你必须得上交试卷。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">A meeting</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;"> is to be held</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> at 3 o’clock this afternoon.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">会议将于今天下午3点举行。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">4.“be about to+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事,该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用,可以和并列连词when(=and at this/that time)引导的从句连用。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">(全国卷Ⅱ)Tom </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">was about to close</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> the windows </span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: green;">when</span></strong><span style="color: green;"> his attention was caught by a bird.</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 18px; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 30px;"><span style="color: green;">汤姆正要关上窗户,就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。</span></p>
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